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Some of the experiments on Columbia survived, including a live group of roundworms, known as Caenorhabditis elegans. NASA's Day of Remembrance honors the memories of astronauts who died during the Apollo 1, space shuttle Challenger and shuttle Columbia tragedies. NASA developed a commercial crew program to eventually replace shuttle flights to the space station and brokered an agreement with the Russians to use Soyuz spacecraft to ferry American astronauts to orbit. The space shuttle program was retired in July 2011 after 135 missions, including the catastrophic failures of Challenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003 which killed a total of 14 astronauts. NASA administrator Sean O'Keefe initially canceled this mission in 2004 out of concern from the recommendations of the CAIB, but the mission was reinstated by new administrator Michael Griffin in 2006 he said the improvements to shuttle safety would allow the astronauts to do the work safely.

A notable exception to the ISS shuttle missions was STS-125, a successful 2009 flight to service the Hubble Space Telescope. The shuttle fleet was maintained long enough to complete the construction of the International Space Station, with most missions solely focused on finishing the building work the ISS was also viewed as a safe haven for astronauts to shelter in case of another foam malfunction during launch. 'We're never ever going to let our guard down.' 'We're still going to watch and we're still going to pay attention,' STS-121 commander Steve Lindsey said at the time. After STS-121's safe conclusion, NASA deemed the program ready to move forward and shuttles resumed flying several times a year. NASA also had more camera views of the shuttle during liftoff to better monitor foam shedding.ĭue to more foam loss than expected, the next shuttle flight did not take place until July 2006. In July 2005, STS-114 lifted off and tested a suite of new procedures, including one where astronauts used cameras and a robotic arm to scan the shuttle's belly for broken tiles. The shuttle's external tank was redesigned, and other safety measures were implemented. Returning to flight and retiring the space shuttle program It is in the nation's interest to replace the shuttle as soon as possible,' the report stated. 'The shuttle is now an aging system but still developmental in character. It also called for more predictable funding and political support for the agency, and added that the shuttle must be replaced with a new transportation system. 'Cultural traits and organizational practices detrimental to safety were allowed to develop,' the board wrote, citing 'reliance on past success as a substitute for sound engineering practices' and 'organizational barriers that prevented effective communication of critical safety information' among the problems found.ĬAIB recommended NASA ruthlessly seek and eliminate safety problems, such as the foam, to ensure astronaut safety in future missions. See how the Columbia shuttle accident occurred in this infographic. 1, 2003, in a tragic disaster that killed the shuttle's seven-astronaut crew. NASA's space shuttle Columbia was destroyed during re-entry on Feb. 'This is indeed a tragic day for the NASA family, for the families of the astronauts who flew on STS-107, and likewise is tragic for the nation,' stated NASA's administrator at the time, Sean O'Keefe. Later that day, NASA declared the astronauts lost. Shortly afterward, NASA declared a space shuttle 'contingency' and sent search and rescue teams to the suspected debris sites in Texas and later, Louisiana. The caller said a television network was showing a video of the shuttle breaking up in the sky. Twelve minutes later, when Columbia should have been making its final approach to the runway, a mission controller received a phone call. Mission Control made several attempts to get in touch with the astronauts, with no success. At 8:59:32 a.m., Husband called back from Columbia: 'Roger,' followed by a word that was cut off in mid-sentence.Īt that point, Columbia was near Dallas, traveling 18 times the speed of sound and still 200,700 feet (61,170 meters) above the ground. The Capcom, or spacecraft communicator, called up to Columbia to discuss the tire pressure readings. This image was received by NASA as part of the Columbia accident investigation. The image was taken at approximately 7:57 a.m. 1, 2003, as it passed by the Starfire Optical Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. This image is a view of the underside of Columbia during its entry from mission STS-107 on Feb.

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